1981～1998年我国女性成人血中铅镉水平变化

Blood Lead and Blood Cadmium Levels of Chinese Non-smoking Women During 1981～1998 in China

目的了解人体血铅血镉的变化和县镇人群铅镉暴露的状况。方法1981～1998年选择代表性省市开展了省会城市、直辖市及其县镇的血中铅镉浓度的调查。调查人群为不吸烟的、无职业性铅接触的中学教师和服务行业从业人员 ,采用双阶整群随机取样法抽取检测对象。采集静脉血样 ,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定。取血时 ,通过询问调查填写包括吸烟、饮酒、居住条件等生活、饮食习惯的调查表。为保证监测结果的准确和可比 ,采用了WHO/UNEP在全球生物监测中使用的质量保证措施。结果我国不吸烟女性成人血铅水平在1981～1988年间变化不大 ,1988年后逐渐上升。调查人群的几何均值从1988年的60μg/L上升到1998年的78μg/L ,血镉值在0.81±0.08μg/L之间波动 ,上升了30 %。结论与国外血铅结果比较 ,我国女性成人血铅水平已由1981年国际上的较低水平 ,上升为现在的较高水平。我国女性成人血镉水平处于基本稳定状态 ,与国外各国血镉比较 。

Objective To realize the changes of blood lead(PbB)levels and blood cadmium(CdB)levels and the status of exposure to lead and cadmium in provincial capitals and counties. Methods A survey was carried out in the period of 1981～1998.The target population was non_smoking middle school women teacher and women workers of service trade.The target was selected by a proportionate two stage cluster random sampling method from each city.Venous blood samples were collected and questionnaries about the smoking habits,dietary habits,alcohol consumption,residence conditions and kinds of fuel used at home were completed.The quality assurance procedure of the pilot biological monitoring program taken by WHO/UNEP were strictly adopted in this national biological monitoring program.Results It indicated that PbB levels of nonsmoker women did not change notably in 1981～1998,but it increased markedly since 1988.The geometric mean of PbB increased from 60 μg/L in 1988 to 78 μg/L in the period of 1998.The geometric mean of CdB fluctuated between(0.81±0.08)μg/L. Conclusion As compared with foreign countries,PbB in China was low in the early days of the eighties,but in the nineties was moderately high.The change of CdB was not significantly in the period of 1981～1998.As compared with foreign countries,CdB in China is moderately high both in the early days of the eighties and now.