摘要
波罗的海的生物地理特性是自上一次冰河期起逐步形成的。波罗的海这种海水、半咸水和淡水物种以及前几个时期的残余物种的特征的混合正在受到环境变化的威胁。本文重点讲述外来物种、富营养化和深海海盆中暂时性缺氧,以及波罗的海在不同的时空内的生物地理统一性等问题。当今的航运活动打破了地理障碍,半咸水体的生物区系相互联系在一起,导致世界范围内水生动植物物种的交换和进一步的均一化。
The biogeographical peculiarities of the Baltic Sea have developed since the last glacial period. The characteristic mixture of marine, brackish water, and freshwater species, and relicts from previous periods in the Baltic, is threatened by ongoing environmental changes. This review focuses on the recent impacts of nonindigenous species, eutrophication, and a temporary oxygen deficit in the deep basins, on the biogeographical integrity of the Baltic on different spatial and time scales. Today the biota of brackish waterbodies are exposed to each other because of the breakdown in geographical barriers due to shipping traffic, leading to an exchange of species and further homogenization of aquatic animal and plant life worldwide.
