白肋烟烟碱的田间积累与施肥、覆膜及采收方式的关系研究

Relationship between nicotine accumulation of burley tobacco and fertilization mulching and harvesting manner

考虑到可能影响烟碱积累的施肥、覆膜及采收方式等栽培因素，设计了4项试验，分别在2个海拔高度实施。测定数据的回归分析表明，烟碱积累与施N、P量，覆膜时间，微肥施用，追肥施用比例，摘叶采收比例呈正相关，且达显著水平；与施K量呈负相关。因此，在生产上应采取控N、降P、增K，降低追肥比例的措施以降低烟碱含量。覆膜增加烟碱积累，因此，不覆膜或在覆膜促进烟株早期生长后尽可能早揭膜对控制烟碱含量是必要的。摘叶采收比例增大，增加上部叶烟碱含量。因此，生产上应尽可能减少摘叶采收比例。

Four experiments related with fertilization mulching and harvesting manner affecting nicotine accumulation were carried out at Cuiba Town and Shadi Town of two altitudes in Enshi City． The nicotine contents of 19th leaf of tobacco plants were tested． By regression and other statistic analyses the results showed that nicotine content was positively correlated with application rates of N and P mulching time application of microelements fertilizer additional manuring percentage and the proportion of leaves harvested before stalk cutting and negatively correlated with K applied rates． It was suggested that adequately increasing K applied rate and decreasing N and P applied rates and additional manuring percentage should be adopted in burley tobacco production in order to drop down nicotine content． Mulching increased nicotine accumulation． Thus it was necessary not to mulch or to remove mulch as early as possible． Half stalk cutting was a good harvesting manner．