4Hicks John, Capital and Growth, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.
5Joseph Needham, Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the West: Lectures and Addresses on the History of Science and Technology, London: Cambridge University Press, 1970, pp. 81 - 82.
6Max Weber, Die Protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus, 1904, 1905.
7Elvin Mark, The Pattern of the Chinese Past, Stanford: Stanford university Press, 1973.
8[意]卡洛·M·奇波拉.《欧洲经济史》第2卷,北京:商务印书馆,1988年,第451页.
9张海鹏.《徽商研究》,合肥:安徽人民出版社,1996年,第445页.
10Maxine Berg, The Age of Manufacture, 1700 - 1820 : Industry, Innovation and Work in Britain, Routleolge, 1994.
