轻质油品脱氮工艺技术进展

Progress in Light Oil Denitrogenation Technology

近来的研究表明 ,我国原油的密度呈上升趋势 ,即原油越来越重 ,质量变差。这就给原油加工带来很多困难 ,首先是轻质油品 (汽油、煤油、柴油 )收率下降 ,其次是轻质油品质量变差 ,成品油颜色加深 ,安定性变差。造成油品劣质化的主要原因之一是石油产品中氮化合物的存在。这些氮化合物的存在对油品安定性的影响极为严重 ,对油品的颜色和胶质的生成影响很大 ,是成胶的主要因素之一。石油产品中的有机氮化物在燃烧过程中会造成空气污染 ,形成酸雨。因此 ,为了改善油品的储存安定性和满足越来越严格的油品规格 ,提高炼厂的经济效益 ,适应环保要求 ,各大炼厂都采取了不同的方法来脱除油品特别是轻质油品中的氮化物。

Some recent researches suggest that the density of crude oil has a increasing trend. Namely, crude oil become heavier and heavier, and its quality become worse and worse, which results a lot of trouble in oil processing. At first, the receive rate of light oil (gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil) declines. Secondly the quality of light oil, the color and invariability of finished product become worse. The main reason which result in the inferior of oil is that there are nitrogen compounds in oil product. The existence of nitrogen compounds affects the invariability of oil product greatly, and has a big effect on the color of oil and creation of resins. It is one of the main reasons of the resins production. The organic nitrides in oil product will lead to air pollution during they are burned forming acid rain. Therefore, in order to improve deposited invariability of oil and meet the rigid diesel oil specification, increase the economic benefit of refinery, adapt the demand of environmental protection, almost each refinery takes different measures to remove nitrides from the oil product especially in light oil. The review introduces denitrogenation processing that have been developed and the research development in and out of our country.