湄洲湾海洋细菌降解石油烃研究

STUDY ON PETROLEUM DEGRADATION BY MARINE BACTERIA FROM MEIZHOU BAY

研究了从湄洲湾海域分离的两个菌株H1和H2对石油烃的降解作用。实验测定了在 5个不同原油初始浓度下的原油降解率 ,并考察了在原油初始浓度 30 0 0mg/l、 6d的培养过程中 ,培养液的OD值及原油降解率的变化。分别以正十一烷、正十六烷、正二十四烷、萘和菲 5种纯烃配制成 3种混合烃培养基 ,以考察两个菌株对芳烃及烷烃的降解能力。结果表明 ,两个菌株对烷烃和芳烃都有较高的降解速率和耐油性 ,但对底物的利用和对含N、P营养盐的要求有显著的不同。H1菌株不需要营养盐 ,对芳香烃降解特别有效 ;而H2菌株需要营养盐 ,对烷烃的降解较为有效。

The degradation of petroleum compounds by marine bacteria strain H1 and H2 isolated from Meizhou Bay sea water was investigated. Strain H1 belongs to Pseudomonas sp and strain H2 Acinetobacter sp respectively. The bacteria were incubated in five samples with different initial crude oil concentration form 0.5×10 g/1 to observe their ability of inhibitaining and degrading crude oil. After 6 days incubation, the maximum degradation rates of crude oil were 43.2% and 55.4% by H1 cultures without adding any N, P nutrients in the media and H2 cultures adding 1 g/1. NH4NO3 and 1 g/l K2HPO4 in the media, respectively, when initial oil mass concentration was 3 g/l. Then the potentiality of oil degradation rate and the change of OD in the process were studied. Three media composed of five hydrocarbons including undecane, hexadecane, tetracosane, naphthalene and phenanthrene and analysis of gas chromatography were used to elucidate the metabolism of petroleum compounds. The result showed that both H1 and H2 cultures can effectively degrade alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), but they were different in requirement of substrate components and N, P nutrients. H1 cultures stressed on the degradation of PAH while H2 cultures stressed on the degradation of alkane. The two cultures promised to be used in sea water decontamination.