海岸河口水域流速分离方法初探

A Preliminary Study on Approach of Velocity Separation in Coastal and Estuarine Waters

从海岸河口地区的水动力特征出发 ,应用潮流、风生流流速垂直分布的理论模式和最小二乘法原理 ,提出了一种从实测流速分离出潮流和风生流的方法 ,并首先对黄河口的潮流和实验室的风生流进行检验性分离计算 ,然后应用于长江口北支河段及口外实测流速的分离 ,实测流速分离后 ,不仅可获得表层的潮流速和风流速 ,而且还可从中得到底床粗糙高度并估算作用于海表面的风速数据 .初步研究表明 ,此流速分离方法原理简单、过程合理、结果可信 ,是一种适用于现场资料分析计算的有效方法 ,既可广泛应用于海岸河口实测流速的分离 ,又可为海岸河口水动力数值模拟提供合理的海底和海面边界条件 .

Based on the hydrodynamic feature and the theoretical velocity profile of the tidal and the wind induced current in the coastal and estuarine waters, an approach to separating the observed current into the tidal and the wind induced current by use of the least square method is advanced for the first time in this paper.By use of this approach,not only is the surface velocity of the tidal and wind induced current obtained,but also the bed roughness height is determined and the wind velocity above the water surface is estimated.For verification of its value,this approach is applied to the velocity data observed from the Yellow River Estuary,the Yangtze River Estuary and laboratory test data.All the results are satisfactory.The research results show that this approach is simple in principle,feasible in process,and reasonable in result.So this approach is a valid method to analyze and calculate the field data, and can be applied widely to the separation of the observed velocity in the coastal and estuarine waters.Simultaneously the reasonable boundary conditions on the surface and bottom can be obtained for the two and three dimensional numerical simulation.