水能联合方程恢复流域古降水量时参数的确定方法及其应用──以青海湖全新世大暖期古降水量推算为例

A Method on Determining the Parameters of the Hydrological and Energy- Balance Model and Its Use: A Case Study of Qinghai Lake at Holocene Megathermal

在同一季风作用区域内，相同天文辐射、降水量、地理环境（包括地形与海拔）的地区其气候是相同或相似的。而这种相同气候条件下的下垫面条件和各气候因素又是相同或相似的，因而其表面蒸发量也应该相同或至少相差不大。利用建立在此基础上的多次逼近法，可定量估算Ｊ．Ｅ．Ｋｕｔｚｂａｃｈ能量平衡方程中的各气候与水文参数，并据此定量估算封闭流域的蒸发量、降水量。用此法，对青海湖在全新世大暖期高湖面稳定存在时的流域年降水量进行了定量估算结果表明：当时青海湖流域年降水量为 ５８５ ± １０ｍｍ左右，比现代流域年降水量多 ２００ｍｍ左右。

In monsoon area, if solar radiation, precipitation, geography environments(including topography and elevation) in a drainage basin are the same as that of another drainage basin, respectively, the climate condions in the two basins are alike, and the evaporation of both of lake and land surface of the two basins are also alike, respectively. The multi-approching method which is based on these facts is used to determine the climate parameters of the J. E. kutzbach's hydrologic and energy balances, such as fractional cloud cover, surface albedo, surface temperature and surface water vapor pressure, and to calculate paleoevaporation and paleoprecipitation of drainage basin. This method is used to model the combined hydrological and energy and balances of Paleolake Qinghai, and yields an estimate of 585 ± 10mm for annual precipitation during Holocene Megathermal, which is at least more 200mm/a than the current rainfall in Qinghai Lake basin.