LAS和AE对水生植物损伤的显微和亚显微结构观察

Ultra-structural observation of aquatic plant damaged from LAS and AE

利用透射电镜研究了阴离子型表面活性剂LAS和非离子型表面活性剂AE对水生植物水绵、水浮莲的损伤作用.观察发现,在LAS处理液中,水绵细胞壁外层被溶解而消失,载色体的规则螺旋缠绕结构被打乱,集结成团.细胞膜与细胞壁部分分离.水浮莲细胞出现质壁分离,细胞膜部分解体,细胞质中有许多空腔,液泡增大,叶绿体变形;在AE处理液中,水绵细胞壁外层被溶解,细胞膜消失,载色体和造粉核解体,分散于整个由细胞壁内层构成的空腔中.水浮莲细胞膜部分解体,染色质浓缩,核膜逐渐解体,叶绿体和线粒体解体,液泡消失,被细胞质充填.可以推断:LAS和AE对水生植物损伤的机理不同,AE以溶解为主,LAS则除溶解外,所带电荷引起蛋白质构象改变也是主要因素之一.

The damage of aquatic plant Spirogyra sp. and Pistia stratiotes L. from anion surfactant LAS and nonionic surfactant AE was studied with transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that in LAS treating liquid the outer layer of cell wall of Spirogyra sp. was dissolved and disappeared, the regular spiral of chlorophyll - carrier was disturbed and assembled, and the cell membrane separated partly from cell wall; the cell plasma of Pistia stratiotes L, separated from the cell wall and the membrane disintegrated partly, and there were many vacancies in the plasma, vacuoles enlarged and the chloroplasts deformed. In AE treating liquid the outer layer of cell wall of Spirogyra sp. was dissolved, the membrane disappeared, chlorophyll-carrier and protein bodies disintegrated scattering among the whole vacancy in the inner layer of cell wall; the membrane of Pistia stratiotes L, disintegrated partly, chromatin agglutinated, nuclear membrane disintegrated gradually, chloroplasts and mitochondria disintegrated, vacuoles filled with plasma and disappeared. It can be deduced that the mechanism of aquatic plant damage by LAS or AE is different: for AE, dissolution being the main cause, for LAS, the shape of protein changed due to the charges carried by LAS being also one of the main causes besides dissolution.