中国垄断性矿产资源的出口战略

THE EXPORT STRATEGIES OF CHINA'S MONOPOLY MINERAL RESOURCES

垄断性矿产资源是指一个国家或地区某项矿产资源在世界资源总储量中占有绝对优势的矿产资源 ,但如何界定垄断性矿产资源 ,目前还没有统一的认识。本文在给出了垄断性矿产资源的定义以后 ,还根据世界主要国家居垄断地位矿产资源在世界总量中的比重 ,给出了一国或地区某种矿产资源占世界总矿产资源量 4 0 %以上的矿产资源可以称为垄断性矿产资源的数量界定。根据上述界定 ,中国的钨、锑和稀土 3种矿产资源可称得上是垄断性矿产资源。本文首先分析了中国垄断性矿产资源在国际上的地位 ,然后分析了中国垄断性矿产资源近年来未能垄断国际市场的最主要原因之一就是过度竞争 ,以及由此造成的供过于求 。

Monopoly mineral resource refers to certain mineral resource that a country possessed accounts for over 40% of the world total. According to the definition, there are three kinds of mineral resources, namely, wolfram, antimony and rare-earth metal that can be called as monopoly mineral resources in China. The reserves of wolfram, antimony and rare-earth metal make up 44.8%, 51.9% and 43.0% respectively. The products and export outputs of the three minerals account for over 70% of the world total in recent years. But China's mnopoly resources could only momopolize price and market. One of the most important reasons is the over competition at domestic market and the resultant supply exceeding demand. Four suggestions are raised for keeping the monopolized position of China's monopoly mineral resources: 1) to reduce output and maintain the price at a relative high level; 2) to become an exclusive exporter of monopoly resources; 3) to increase investment on R & D and possess the intellectuall properties of the productions of monopoly mineral resources; and 4) to establish reserve system of China's monopoly mineral resources.