中国东南地区粮食生产与水问题

GRAIN YIELD AND WATER ISSUES IN SOUTHEAST CHINA

该文概述东南地区在我国工农业生产地位的基础上 ,详细分析了东南地区粮食生产的发展过程。将 90年代以来东南地区粮食增长幅度低于全国水平归于 3个原因 : ①耕地面积减少 ; ②粮食播种面积急剧下降 ; ③粮食单产增长幅度减少。并在分析东南地区水资源状况和粮食生产水需求问题的基础上 ,考虑该区耕地面积和粮食播种面积的缩减、灌溉面积扩大和灌溉定额减小、以及城市生活和工业对农业用水的压力等因素的综合作用 。

Southeast China, including one municipality and 9 provinces, is a developed region in China and plays an important role in the nation's agricultural and industrial development. On its land accounting for 1301% of the country'stotal land area, Southeast China produces 3717% of the country's total grain, 4708% of the country's GDP and 5335% of the output value of industry, and supports 38 02% of the total population. However, the increasing rate of grain output has being slowed down in the region since the 1990s because of the reduction of cultivated land, grain sown area, and the increasing rate of per unit area grain yield. In general, water resources are sufficient in Southeast China for agricultural production, but water issues related to agriculture still exist in the region which are flood, drought, damp, soak and pollution. With the decrease in cultivated land, grain sown area and irrigation quota, the increase in irrigated area and output value of industry, and improvement in living quality, the agricultural water demand in Southeast China will be stable with a slight increase in the future 15 to 20 years. The industrial and domestic water requirements will also increase slightly in the corresponding period. Beyond that [period of time, the water requirement in Southeast China will basically remain unchanged as China entering into “zero development stage”.