太行山前平原秸秆资源高效利用途径与技术措施

WAYS AND TECHNICAL MEASURES FOR HIGH EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF STRAW RESOURCES IN TAIHANG PIEDMONT

秸秆是太行山前平原的重要农业资源 ,可还田、饲用、制沼气以及作为食用菌生产和化工原料 ,其中还田和饲用是主要利用途径。秸秆还田表现出显著的水分、培肥和增产增质效应。覆盖能提高水分利用率约 1 0 % ;小麦 -玉米两熟制的 50 %～ 60 %秸秆还田加施化肥能够实现土壤养分平衡 ;秸秆覆盖的作物增产约 1 0 % ,果树增产约 2 0 %。秸秆还田采取覆盖、留茬和翻压等方式 ,实施配套技术。秸秆利用技术应纳入到整个农事操作技术体系之中 ,实施秸秆还田、饲用处理以及沼气技术 ,发展秸秆多级利用技术 ,提高秸秆转化效率 ,发挥秸秆在农牧结合中的重要作用。从战略层次上调整秸秆利用结构 ,如可调整为直接还田、饲用、制沼气、食用菌生产、化工原料 ,其比例分别为 :60∶2 5∶1 0∶3∶2。

Straw is an important agricultural resource in Taihang piedmont and can be used as manure, fodder, raw material for methane production, edible mushroom cultivation and chemical raw materials, of which the first two items are the most important ways of use. Straw returned to the field shows remarkable water, fertility and yield increasing efficiencies. Mulching can add water use efficiencies by 10%, 50%～60% straw returned to the field of wheat maize double cropping system can keep soil nutrient balance. Straw returned to the field can lead to crop yield increase by 10% and fruit yield increase by 20%. By applying mulched techniques, straw can be returned to the field through canopies, residuals and ploughing. Straw utilization technique should be included into the entire agro-technique system. Efforts should be made to develop multi level straw utilization technique, increase straw transformation rate, and bring into play straw in agro pastoral system. To this end, straw utilization structure should be adjusted, making the ratio of straw use as manure: fodder: methane production: edible mushroom cultivation: chemical production equaling to 60∶25∶10∶3∶2, and further deepening straw utilization level.