汉江中游水污染规律与控制方案研究

WATER POLLUTION PATTERN AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE HANJIANG RIVER

汉江中游是汉江流域的重要区段和历史文化名城襄樊市所在地 ,其水环境保护意义重大。干流襄樊市区上游水质良好 ,为Ⅱ～Ⅲ类 ;干流宜城段及除清溪河外的所有支流均污染严重。“九五”期间工业COD重于生活COD ,占 6 1.8% (1998)。预测“十五”期间生活COD重于工业COD ,占58.92 % ;污染负荷集中于襄樊市区、枣阳、襄阳三个流域段 ,共占COD总负荷的 75.32 % (1998) ;制浆造纸业COD在工业源中占 4 9.96 % (1998)。治理 6家重点工业源排污大户共需资金 930 0万元 ,削减COD 1772 6t/a。在工业源全面达标排放的基础上 ,“十五”期间安排了治理生活污水含A、B、C三种项目类型的三个工程方案。第一方案突出了襄樊市区、枣阳、老河口三市的生活污水治理 ,“十五”期间投资 4 80 0 0万元 ,削减COD 170 0 0t/a ,实现汉江中游全流域 2 0 0 5年的水质目标 ;第二方案总投资 6 980 0万元 ,削减COD 2 550 0t/a ,保证汉江中游全流域稳定地达水质目标 ;第三方案总投资7580 0万元 ,削减COD 2 910 0t/a ,为汉江中游水质进一步改善提供条件。建议保证第一方案 ,创造条件部分实施第二。

The middle reaches of the Hanjiang River,which flow through the famous city with a long history—Xiangfan,are the important part of the river.It is thus significant to protect the water from being polluted.The water quality is good in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River near Xiangfan City and ranges in national grade Ⅱ～Ⅲ for surface water.However,the water has been seriously polluted in almost all the branches of Hanjiang River near City Yichen,except Qingxi stream.The proportion of COD source from industry,taking 61.8% of the total,is larger than the COD from domestic sewage during the ninth five year plan period.It is estimated that the proportion of COD source than the COD source form domestic sewage from industry for the next five years,which takes 58.92%.The pollution will gather in the three main reaches such as Xiangfan urban district,Zaoyang and Xiangyang,which takes 75.32% of total COD load in 1998.The COD source of pulp and papermaking industry takes 49.96% in 1998.It will take us 93 000 000 yuan to control six major pollution sources and cut down COD 11 726 t/a.Based on the fact that all the industrial pollution sources have been restored to the discharge standard,we have worked out three engineering schemes for the treatment domestic waste water,including A,B and C types and projects during the tenth five year plan period.The first scheme emphazes on the treatment of domestic sewage in Xiangfan urban district,Zaoyang and Laohekou city,and it needs 480 000 000 yuan cut down COD 17 000 t/a so that we will attain water quality objectives for middle reaches of Hanjiang River in 2005.In the second scheme,it needs \{698 000 000\} yuan in total investment to cut down 26 000 t/a,in order to guarantee the stable high water quality for the middle reaches of Hanjiang River.In the third scheme,we need to invest \{758 000 000\} yuan to cut down COD \{29 600 t/a\} so that we can make further improvement of water quality in the middle reaches of Hanjiang River.