对墨西哥水政策变迁的考察

Review of Vicissitude of Mexico'sWater Policies

墨西哥是缺水的国家。 2 0世纪 90年代前的三项核心政策是 :( 1 )增加政府投资 ;( 2 )改进水事工程技术 ;( 3 )加强保护水资源有关的社会意识。但是 ,90年代后水政策调整的理念是 :水这样的自然资源 ,财产权的标准的制度设计包含三项基本属性 ;界定清晰 ;可执行性 ;让与性。由于传统的集权管理的影响 ,供水设施的私有化尚遥遥无期。私有化不触及现存法制结构的根本内容 ,而政府又企求以有限的私有化建立水市场 ,这是政府的矛盾选择。政策调整的方向应当是实现水权的私有化。

Mexico is a country that lacks water resources. Before the 1990s there were three core policies:(1)increasing government's investment;(2)improving water project technology;(3)enhancing social consciousness of concerning water resource protection.But after the 1990s adjustment of water policy is based on this kind of ideoligy: as to the natural resource of water, the standerd system design of property right should include three basic attributes: clearly defined,enforcable and transferable.Because of the influences of traditional management of centralization of state power, privatization of the water supplying establishment is just beginning.Privatization gives no impact on fundamental contents of existing legal system, but the government desires to establish water market by limited privatization, this is a paradoxical selection for the government. The direction of policy adjustment is to realize privatization of water rights,on the basis of which water market could really be established.