熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极的研究进展

Research progress on cathode in molten carbonate fuel cell

综述了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (MCFC)多孔阴极结构及其新材料的研究进展 ,介绍了多种能够有效改善阴极稳定性、延长MCFC寿命的新技术。以Li Na碳酸盐电解质代替传统的Li K体系或用碱土元素对NiO阴极进行改性 ,能够显著降低镍在电解质中的溶解性。所开发的LiCoO2 和LiFeO2 LiCoO2 NiO复合物等新型阴极材料具有与NiO相当的电化学活性而较低的溶解性。作为一种新型结构技术 ,在阴极和电解质隔膜之间或在电解质隔膜中 ,设置一层金属膜 ,能够有效阻断阴极溶解组分向阳极的扩散 ,避免电池内部短路危险 。

The porous structure of cathode in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and the research progress on its new materials were reviewed. Various new techniques were introduced for improving lifetime of MCFC. The substitution of Li Na carbonate for traditional Li K system as electrolyte and the modification of Ni O cathode by doping alkali earch elements in it can decrease the solubility of Ni in electrolyte efficiently. New cathode materials, such as LiCoO 2 and LiFeO 2 LiCoO 2 NiO compound, show an equivalent electrocatalytic activity to NiO but a lower solubility than NiO. A novel cell structure, in which a metal layer is installed in the electrolyte matrix or between cathode and electrolyte matrix to intercept the diffusion of dissolved metal cations from cathode to anode and to avoid inner short circuit, is designed to guarantee the lifetime of MCFC for up to 40 000 hours.