改革开放以来中国国内人口迁移及其研究

Internal population migration in China since the economic reforms: A review

从人口迁移进程的变化、人口迁移的主要原因与迁移选择和迁移方式、迁移人口对城市社会经济活动的参与及影响等方面 ,综述中国改革开放以来的人口迁移进程及研究成果。大量的实证研究 ,使人们对中国国内人口迁移有了日益清晰的认识 ,但多数仍停留在国外人口迁移理论的框架之内。在人口迁移与加快户籍制度改革、与城市居民就业和产业结构调整的关系 ,及迁移人口对区域社会经济发展差异分析比较的影响等方面还需进行深入研究。

This paper reviews the process and researches on internal population migration in China since the economic reforms from 3aspects. They are the changes in migration process;the main reasons, choices and patterns of migration, migration and gender difference, migration and urbanization;and the participation and impression of migrants to city's economic and social life. The internal migration process in China since the economic reforms can be divided into 4 periods. The most important reason for migration is the difference of employment opportunities induced by regional economic disparities. The main migration pattern is through self organized network. Population migration has accelerated the process of urbanization. Migrants have become important part of urban labor market. But the temporary migrants in cities make them in weak status and difficult to dissolve into city life. This situation is unfavorable to the whole process of migration and urbanization in China. Large amount of positive researches give us a more and more clear knowledge to China's internal population migration, but most researches still remain within the frame of foreign country's theories. The author thinks that more researches in the following 4 fields are needed: the relation of population migration and the proceed of Hukou (registered residence)system reform, the relation of migration and the employment of urban citizens, the relation of migration and the industrial adjustment, the affection of temporary migrants to the comparing analysis of social and economic differences.