生态用水的概念界定及其在西北干旱区实施的策略

DEFINITION OF ECOLOGICAL WATER AND ITS APPLICATION TACTICS IN NORTHWEST ARID AREA

通过对生态用水的概念进行了界定 ,并结合西北干旱区的实际提出了以下几点实施生态用水的策略 :(1)把生态用水放在西北干旱区经济建设和区域可持续发展的战略高度优先考虑 ;(2 )对天然植被 ,特别是在干草原和干旱的荒漠草原区域 ,通过人工降水补充其用水 ;(3)对人工植被 ,以引水灌溉为主 ;(4 )对于绿洲 ,结合生产用水进行合理再分配 ;(5 )充分发挥西北干旱区的廊道效应优势 ;(6 )改变传统的灌溉方式 ,大力开展节水灌溉 ;(7)协调好生态用水和生产用水、生活用水之间的关系。

Northwest arid area is one of areas that will be exploited in the great development of West China. Making good use of water resources is basic assurance of the sustainable development of the area economy, society and environment. After summarized current situation and trend of water sources crisis in Northwest arid area, this paper pointed out sharply that the reason retrograding on the function and impact of ecosystem and aggravating the water resources crisis is because human grabbed the water resources which belonged to natural vegetation and other living things, and the re-distribution is unfair and unrational. It is one of reasons to lead more and more critical water resources crisis that ecological water has been chronically ignored in Northwest arid area. Therefore, the paper firstly clarified the concept of ecological water, and proposed the follow its application tactics in Northwest arid area:(1)to give priority to the ecological water in economic development and sustainable development, although industry, agriculture and municipality are all short of water in Northwest arid area. (2) to replenish the water to natural vegetation, especially arid grasslands and desert grasslands on the strips of desert and oasis plain with aritificial rainfall; (3)to rely mainly on channelling water to irrigate the artificial vegetation; and for natural vegetation to irrigate by flooding. (4)to re-distribute the water resources to oasis with after-production water; and to treat and reused the pulluted water . (5) to bring the dominant of the corridors into full fuction, to establish the green corridors of combining tree with shrub and herbage. (6)to change the traditional irrigative pattern, and to devote major efforts to developing economic irrigation; (7) to harmonize relation among ecological water, production water and living water. This paper put ecological water on an equal pogition with production water and living water, which expect people to change the traditional idea of looking down on ecological water. It is urgently needed to organize multiple discipline research for new strategy of ecological water, in order to make scientific management of water sources and the sustainable development of economy, society and environment in Northwest arid area.