西线调水工程对水量调出区的环境影响分析

An Analysis on the Impacts on the Environment in the Water Exporting Region of Western Line South to North Water Transfer Project

介绍了南水北调西线工程新的调水方案 ,工程所在位置及其影响所及的区域。在此基础上 ,从自然环境和社会环境两个方面 ,对南水北调西线工程水量调出区可能产生的主要环境影响问题进行了初步研究 ,包括调水对气候、动植物、水质、水库区及周边地质环境、人群健康等的影响 ,以及水库淹没对社会经济的影响等。其主要结论是 :1对库区、坝址临近地区的气温、降水影响均较小 ,由于库区水汽蒸发量增加对局地降水的贡献率约为 0 .0 0 4～ 0 .0 0 8;对干旱河谷区气候虽有影响 ,但很微弱。 2对生物会产生一定影响 ,主要表现在对渔类区系组成、种群结构等方面。对陆生生物造成一定数量的减少 ,但不会造成生物物种资源的减少。3坝址下游水质比现在有所下降 ,但由于河段所在位置人口密度低 ,污染较轻 ,对水质不会有大的影响。 4淹没损失小 ,移民少。本文可为西线调水工程对环境影响研究提供部分参考依据。

On the basis of discussing new schemes, location, and affected regions of west route water transfer project, the authors of this paper dealt with main environment impact on the water exportry region of west route water transfer project, including two aspects of natural environment and social environment, such as the influences on climate, animal and plant, water quality, reservoir area and its circumjacent geologic environment, public healthy etc, and the reservoir submerging influences on social economic. The main conclusions relate to 4 aspects: ① The influences on air temperature and precipitation of the reservoir and near dam sections are all Small. The precipitation contribute ration to some areas is 0 004~0 008 as a result of the reservoir section evaporation increase. Though the drought river valley is affected, the influence is slight. ② The influences on biology are mainly showed in the aspects of fishing section series composition and community structure. It would also cause the decrease in the amount of terraneous biology, but the biology species resources would not lessen. ③ It would lower the water quality of dam backward position, but the influence is limited because the population density is sparse and the pollution is not severe. ④ Submerging losing is small, emigration is small too. Accordingly, the present paper also provided some references for the study of west route water project's influence on environment.