杂种小麦与常规小麦产量性状改良的比较分析

Comparison of Genetic Improvement in Hybrid Wheat and Common Wheat

从 1991～ 2 0 0 0年 ,把每年参加产量鉴定的杂种小麦和常规小麦新品种的试验结果进行比较分析 ,结果表明 :杂种小麦产量的平均超标优势为 8.4% ,变幅为 3.0 %～ 14.0 % ,年平均递增率为 2 .4% ;而常规小麦的平均超标率为 3.0 % ,变幅为 1.1%～ 5 .1% ,年平均递增率仅为 0 .75 %。就产量构成因素来看 ,杂种小麦的千粒重在不同年份均比常规品种的高 ,粒重优势显著 ;杂种小麦的穗粒数高于常规小麦 ,差异达显著水平 ;在群体条件下 ,杂种小麦的有效穗与常规小麦的变化基本一致 ;杂种小麦的株高改良已达到半矮秆水平 。

The result of yield test between hybrid and common wheat since 1991~2000 suggested that the average over CK of hybrid wheat was 8.4%, in the range of 3.0%~14.0%. The yield genetic increase per year was 2.4%. But, the average over CK of common wheat was only 3.0%, in the range of 1.1%~5.1%. The yield genetic increase per year was only 0.75%. The analysis of yield components showed that 1000 grain weight of hybrid wheat was higher than that of common wheat in different years, and variation was significant. Grain/spike of hybrid wheat was higher than common wheat, the variation was significant, too. In population, the spikes/hm 2 between hybrid and common wheat was almost the same. Plant height of hybrid wheat had reached the semi dwarf plant. The ability of resistance to lodging was increased.