天山云杉菌核病的研究

Studies on Sclerotiniose of Picea screnkiana var. tianschanica

菌核病 ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum( Lib.) Dby.)是发生在天山云杉上的一种新病害 ,主要分布在天山西部的巩留林区和天山中东部的阜康林区 ,平均发病率为 1 6.8% ,病情指数为5 .5 ,苗高、地径与病情指数均呈负相关 ,相关系数分别为 0 .81 69和 0 .9930 ;经分离培养、接种试验和病原鉴定 ,确定核盘菌 ( S. sclerotiorum)为天山云杉菌核病的病原菌 ;病原菌危害幼苗的茎部、小枝和针叶 ,主要以菌核越冬 ,菌核一般产生菌丝 ,人工诱导条件下 ,在实验室内和田间均能产生子囊盘 ;病原菌最适生长温度为 2 2℃左右 ,温度对菌核产生的初始时间。

Sclerotiniose ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) was a new disease on Picea screnkiana var. tianschanica and distributed in Gongliu, Fukang of the Tianshan Mountain forest zone. The average disease rate and index were 16.8% and 5.5 respectively. There was significant negative correlation between disease index and height, diameter of seedlings. The coefficients of correlation were 0.816 9 and 0.993 0 respectively. Isolation culture S. sclerotiorum and inoculation test proved that the fungus was the pathoogenetic fungi of sclerotiniose of P.screnkiana var. tianschanica and the disease damaged stems ,small stems and needles of seedlings.The sclerotiums produced hypha ususlly and could produce apotheciums by induced both in the labs and nursery gardens also. The optimum growth temperature for the pathogen was 22℃.The temperature influenced the time of producing sclerotiums, number and size of sclerotiums.