摘要
以扬稻 6号 (籼稻 )、日本晴 (粳稻 )为试材 ,设计不同施氮时期 ,改变颖壳生长发育所需的物质和能量 ,研究其对稻穗不同部位籽粒谷壳大小 (谷壳长度、宽度和面积 )、重量和充实程度 (单位面积谷壳重 )的影响。结果表明 :①施用分蘖肥 ,可促进稻穗一、二次枝梗不同部位籽粒特别是下部枝梗籽粒谷壳的大小和重量 ,品种间表现一致 ,对谷壳充实程度的影响因品种而异 ;施用促花肥、保花肥或过多施用穗粒肥 ,稻穗一、二次枝梗各部位籽粒谷壳的大小、重量和充实程度均减小 ,减小幅度多以上、中部枝梗籽粒较大 ,品种间表现一致 ;施用基肥对稻穗不同部位籽粒谷壳性状的影响因品种而异。②促进谷壳的生长与发育 ,有利于籽粒同化产物的积累 ,糙米的长度、宽度、厚度、体积和重量均显著增加 (r为0 .35 0 7 ～ 0 .96 76 ) ,进而使粒重大幅度提高 (r为 0 .70 93 ～ 0 .96 86 )。
The experiments were carried out under pot cultural condition with Indica cultivar Yangdao 6 and Japonica cultivar Mippomadare. By treatments of N application date applied, differed substance and energy hull growth needed were attained. Effect of N application date on hull size (hull length, hull width and hull area), weight and plumpness (hull weight per unit area) at different positions of the panicle in rice were analysed. The results were as follows: ① Compared with no fertilizer, N application of tiller promoting would result in bigger size of hull and heavier hull weight on different positions of the panicle, especially lower parts of primary and secondary branches of the panicle. But effect on hull plumpness varied among two cultivars; N application of spikelet promoting, spikelet sustaining or redundant fertilization would result in smaller hull size,lighter hull weight and smaller hull plumpness on different positions of the panicle, especially upper or middle parts of primary and secondary branches of the panicle, regardless of different rice cultivars. Effect of basal fertilization on hull characters had difference between two cultivars. ② Promoting hull growth and development was beneficial to substance accumulation of grain, and would result in increment of length, width, thickness, volume and weight of brown rice respectively, and heavier grain weight was attained in the end.
基金
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目 (BJ990 38)
