云南稻种资源表型遗传多样性的研究

Studies on Phenotypic Diversity of Rice Germplasm in Yunnan, China

以 5 2 85份云南省地方稻种资源为材料 ,以《云南稻种资源目录》中记录的 31个数量和质量性状为基本数据 ,研究结果表明 :云南稻种资源遗传多样性大 ,稻种类型多 ,优异资源丰富。云南稻种资源主要分布于思茅、临沧、文山等滇西南和滇东南地区 ,占总数的 80 % ;全部稻种资源中粳稻占 5 4 % ,基本表现籼粳各半 ;滇西南和滇东南的遗传多样性最大 ,粳稻多样性大于籼稻。有色米、糯米、香米等全省均有分布 ,且比例较高 ,抗虫、抗病和耐旱等优异资源分布也较广 ,大粒、强分蘖性、高蛋白质含量和软米等优良农艺性状的资源分布较局限 ,如软米资源几乎全部分布于德宏州 。

Phenotypic diversity was studied using 5285 accessions Yunnan landrace rice, whi c h were catalogued in the national genebank, with 31 characters including taxonom ic characters, morphological characters and yield chatacters as base data. The r esults shown that Yunnan rice germplasm re sources have a huge of diversity, many rice phenotypes and elite germplasm. In Y unnan whole collection Japonica ratio is about 54%. The phenotypic diversity in southwest and southeast regions are the biggest. The diversity of Japonica is bigge r than that of Indica. Color rice, non waxy rice, fragrant rice distribute widely in yu nnan and their ratios are higher. The insect resistant, disease resistant and drought tolerant germplasm distribute widely also. But big grain, high tilli ng, high protein content and soft rice germplasm distribute limitedly, for exam ple, soft rice germplasm mainly in Dehong region, high protein content mainly i n Qujing and Honghe regions and so on.