生态因素对玉米品种产量影响及调控的研究

Effects of Ecological Factors on Maize ( Zea mays L.)Yield of Different Vari eties and Corresponding Regulative Measure

通过播期、覆膜调控 ,研究了不同生态条件下不同类型玉米品种的生长发育和产量表现 ,应用数理统计方法对生态因子与产量的关系进行了深入分析。试验结果如下 :不同生态条件下玉米产量差异达极显著水平。品种间产量差异不显著 ,适宜条件下不同类型高产玉米品种都能发挥高产潜力。高产条件下覆膜作用不明显 ,在产量水平较低的德州覆膜增产作用达极显著水平。积温是影响产量的主要因子 ;当前大田生产中花后光照不足是山东玉米产量的限制因子 ,并存在一定的高温胁迫。早熟品种登海 1号花后较耐高温 ;晚熟品种掖单 13对温度、光照变化反应敏感 ,花后高温、光照不足严重影响其产量。登海 1号花后最适日均温为 2 5 .4 1℃ ,掖单 13为 2 4 .15℃。

Through sowing date and plastic film contro l, the growth and yield performance of maize variety with different maturity was s tudied. With method of statistical analysis, the relation between ecological fac tors and maize yield was analyzed deeply. The results were as follows: The diffe rence of maize yields is very significant under different ecological condition. The difference of yield between maize varieties is no significant and different m aturity varieties can develop their high yield potential under suitable conditio n. The function of plastic film on maize yield is no significant at high yield l evel, and it is very significant in Dezhou where the yield level is low. Accumul ated temperature is the major factor affecting maize yield. Deficient light supp ly after flowering is the limited factor in field maize production of Shandong n owadays and there is definite harm of high temperature. DH1 can tolerate high t emperature after flowering relatively. Y13 is sensitive to the change of tempera ture and light. High temperature and deficient light supply after flowering can affecting Y13 yield deeply. The optimum mean daily temperature after flowering f or DH1 is 25.41 ℃ while it is 24.15℃ for Y13.