中国城市化的制度障碍与制度创新

System Obstacles and Improvement to Urbanization in China

制度障碍是中国城市化的最大障碍之一 ,其作用具有明显的刚性 ;制度创新是释放城市化空间的重要路径。当前对中国城市化影响力最大、最直接的制度主要有户籍制度、土地制度和社会保障制度。户籍制度改革的难点在于如何放开大中城市的户口管理以及改变必须购买商品房的规定 ;城镇土地制度改革的关键在于建立城镇土地的年租制 ,降低企业和个人进入城市的门槛 ;社会保障制度创新的关键在于扩大保障面 ,根据不同的保障内容实行不同的过渡性的保障办法 ,逐步将农民工人纳入社会保障系统 ,为未来 2 0～

System obstacle, with its apparent functional rigidity, is among the biggest obstacles in China's urbanization. Reform of systems is an important measure to release urbanization capacity. Currently, household register, management of land and social security systems have the strongest and most direct effects on urbanization in China. The great difficulty of household register reform lies in the following two aspects. One is how to relax the control over household register in large and middle sized cities; the other is to adjust the regulations that require the purchase of commercial housing. The key to the reform of urban land system is to establish land lease systems in towns and cities so as to lower the threshold for individuals and enterprises to move into cities. The focus of social security reform is to widen its scope, take different transitional methods in terms of different content, gradually incorporate farmers into the social security network, and provide system security for the actual transition of countryside into cities in the next 20 30 years in China.