简论中国古代学者对论证谬误的批判

On the Criticism of Chinese Ancient Scholar to the Reasoning Falsehood

一个论证如果违反了论证规则 ,就不是有效的论证 ,而是一种谬误。从先秦至两汉时期 ,中国古代学者对论证及其谬误的研究 ,就不仅涉及到违反思维的基本规律特别是违反矛盾律所发生的谬误 ,而且也涉及到思维的基本内容。中国古代逻辑所分析的大多是非形式的实质谬误 ,这种研究对当时和后世都有积极的意义。

An inference, if not in accordance with inference rules, will not be a valid one, but rather a fallacy. From the near period previous to Qing Dynasty to Han Dynasties, ancient Chinese scholars have conducted various studies on inference and fallacies, which covered the basic law of formal logic especially fallacies didn't follow by law of contradiction, and the basic contents of thoughts as well. The ancient Chinese logic mostly analyzed the factual fallacies of true-and-false patterns, which still remains great positive significance to the studies of that time and later time.