小麦新品种京冬8号选育模式的回顾和总结

A Summary on the Ideas and Strategy for Selecting Winter Wheat Variety Jingdong No.8

通过小麦新品种京冬 8号的选育过程论证了“以大粒为特点、以穗重为优势同时产量三因素协调发展”的中间型育种模式对指导本区育种的实用性和重要价值 ;在选择思路等多个方面进行了成功的探索。主要经验包括 :①京冬 8号的选育把灌浆速度快、千粒重高作为本区育种上进一步高产的突破口。即通过提高灌浆强度赢得了时间 ,克服了本区穗分化时间短、灌浆期短的限制 ,有利于缓解后期灾害的影响和协调早熟与高产的矛盾 ;②立足自己创造的亲本 ,科学地将不同的抗源结合起来从而实现了对多种病害的广泛抗性 ;③在抗倒性、早熟性、抗寒性和品质等选择上目标明确而辨证 ,通过全面权衡各主要性状不仅实现了早熟性、抗寒性和品质过关而且通过改善茎秆质量使中高秆的京冬 8号具备了很好的抗倒性 ,这使我们对矮秆和抗倒的关系有了更为辨证的认识 ;④通过建立大规模的良种繁育基地 ,结束了小麦育种长期存在的重育轻繁的历史 ,有力地推动了本区小麦的良种化和纯种化进程 ,使京冬 8号很快成为本区的主栽品种 ,累计种植 4 70 0万亩 。

Released in 1995, jingdong No.8 know is a dominant winter wheat variety in late maturity winter wheat reason north of China around Beijing. In this article we will take the strategy for selecting this variety for an example, to demonstrate the success of the grain weight or seed set spikelet enhanced strategy compare to the spiklet number/ear and ear number/unit area enhanced strategy for high yield breeding in Beijing area. The main experience include: ① In areas as Beijing, wheat breeder should take the filling rate and the final weight of grain as the most important way-out to high yield, at the same time it may decelerate the influence from the meteorological disaster at late growing season before wheat harvest. ② Based on self-created and not entirely homozygous materials as parents to widen the genetic background for their progeny, one could combine different sources of diseases-resistance gene to a high yield genotype. ③ Making definite target for improving characters such as lodging resistance?early maturity and winter hardiness, but in choosing a target plant, one should weight all the main characters and give a compromise selection, so a dialectical concept is formed on the relationship between lodging resistance and plant height. ④ By setting up large scale bases to amplify breeder's seed by ear row system, we put an end to the long last phenomenon that breeders ignored the work on pure seed production for farmers, and put forward the seed quality improvement in commercial wheat planting field, at same time, make a solid foundation for the fast extension of this variety.