滴灌条播作物毛管水力设计方法探讨

A Study of Hydraulic Design Method of Lateral in Drip Irrigation System for Row Crops

研究毛管水力设计历来为人们所重视,但从目前资料来看,正确运用水力学原理,探讨改进设计方法,对提高设计精度,充分发挥滴灌效益,仍有实际意义。毛管以下滴灌设备件小、用量大,其投资占全系统的40％～50％。尤其是滴灌条播作物(如葡萄,黄瓜等),因种植密度大,毛管设计优劣与系统运行,灌溉质量,费用高低等关系尤为密切。考虑到采用微管滴头,按等量出流设计的毛管计算比较繁锁,故本文将通过对实际计算方案讨论,阐明多孔出流条件下的一些设计参数取值、算法、给出简化水力计算公式及其设计应用方法,供设计者参考。

Though the hydraulic design of lateral has always received attention, there is a need for improving the design mehtod on correct hydraulics priciple to increase the precision of design result and make the most of drip irrigation system. The parts used on lateral are of small size and with big quantity,its cost constitutes about 40-50% of the total investiment of the whole system,especially for row crops (such as grapes,cucumber etc). The quality of lateral design is closely related to system operation,irrigation quality and cost when planting density is high. Becauses desiging laterl according to equal outflow rate method is complicate when the mini-tube emitter is used. Therefor the authors have discussed some actural caculation samples and presented a simplified calaulation formula in this paper. The authors have also shown how to apply the formula for design. Besides, the authors introduce some design parameters and calculation methods for reference.