巴旦杏授粉试验及花粉管生长的荧光显微观察

Studies of pollination experiment and the growth of pollen tube under fluorescent microscope on almond

对巴旦杏 4个主栽品种的授粉试验结果表明 :自花授粉试验中“鹰嘴”、“双果”坐果率分别为 1 9.74%和 4.2 9% ,“纸皮”和“麻壳”坐果率为零 ;自然授粉状态下 4个主栽品种坐果率在 9.37%～ 2 0 .1 3%之间 ;人工异花授粉试验中 4个品种 9个授粉组合坐果率绝大多数都在 40 %以上 ,其中混合花粉授粉试验结果最好 ;人工养蜂条件下的坐果率明显高于无蜂自然授粉的坐果率 ,昆虫传粉可达到人工混合花粉授粉的效果。授粉试验还表现出巴旦杏雌蕊柱头的有效授粉时间为开花后花期的前 4d,授粉越早 ,越有利于坐果。荧光显微观察表明 ,巴旦杏花粉管最早约于授粉第 7天通过花柱基部到达子房室 ,第

Pollination experiment and pollen tube growth were studied in f our main almond cultivars in Kashi.The main results are as follow:The set percentage of 'Yingzui' and 'Shuangguo' were 19.74% and 4.29%,'Zhipi' and 'Make' couldnt set follow self-pollination;The set percentage of four cultivars ranged from 9.37% to 20.13% follow open pollination;Most of the set percentage in 9 compounds were above 40% follow hand-cross pollination,the best results were mix pollens experiments;The set percentage follow bees pollination were higher than that follow no bees pollination,insect pollination could reach to the effect of hand-cross-mix-pollination.The experiment also showed that Stigma receptivity of almond lasted for about 4 days,the more pollination early the more set easily.It would take as long as about 6 days for the pollen tube to grow through a style and one additional about one day to grow to an ovule,and another additional about one day to a nucellus with fluorescent microscope.