薇甘菊的天敌调查初报

PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF INSECTS MITES AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS ON THE WEEDS MIKANIA MICRANTHA AND M. CORDATA

经调查和鉴定，我国假泽兰属有两种：原产种为假泽兰Ｍｉｋａｎｉａ ｃｏｒｄａｔａ，分布海南省和广东省，不造成为害；入侵种为薇甘菊Ｍｉｋａｎｉａ ｍｉｃｒａｎｔｈａ，分布广东、香港和台湾等地，造成严重为害。在假泽兰上采到假泽兰瘤瘿螨Ａｃｅｒｉａ ｍｉｋａｎｉａｅ（Ｎａｌｅｐａ），是我国新记录，对假泽兰的生长有较大的抑制作用。薇甘菊有明显的驱避作用，绣线菊蚜Ａｐｈｉｓ citricol-ｏｒ可致薇甘菊叶片萎缩；在深圳、珠海等地发现薇甘菊上病害普遍，是假尾孢菌属一种真菌 Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｓｐ．所致。在有些地方发现菟丝子 Ｃｕｓｃｕｔａ Ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ Ｃｈｏｉｓｙ寄生薇甘菊，能否用来抑制薇甘菊的生长，值得探讨。

Mikania micrantha is considered to be one of the world - wide serious tropical weeds, which is gaining its invasiveness in the Southern part of Guangdong Province. Several years ago, M. micrantha dispersed to Hongkong. There are two species of genus of Mikania in China: Mikania cordata is indigenous distributed in Guangdong and Hainan, M .micrantha is an alien weed distributed in Guangdong, Hongkong, may be Taiwan in China. A survey of natural enemies on Mikania have been conducted in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces from the early February to July in 2001. 1.Eriophyid mite, Aceria mikaniae (Nalepa) has been collected on M. cordata in Hainan, It is a new record in China and is considered to be primary candidates for biological control of the weeds of Mikania. 2. Pseudocercospora sp has been found. This fungus is present in Shenzhen and other places in Guangdong, prospects for its use as a biological control agent. 3.Over 30 species of insects and mites have been collected on. M. micrantha and M. cordata including Syllepta separata, Cryptothelea minscula, Psyche ferevitrea, Prodenia litura, Plusia e-riosoma, Dalpada oculata, Aphis citricolor etc.