儿童意外伤害住院的情况调查

A hospital-based survey on unintentional child injuries

目的 了解儿童意外伤害的发生状况 ,为儿童意外伤害的预防和干预提供参考依据。方法 对收住院的 2 96 0例意外伤害儿童的病案首页进行统计 ,分析其损伤类别及损伤原因、构成、年龄、性别、地区分布。结果 2 96 0例意外伤害住院患儿中有 991例骨折 (占 33.5 % ) ,6 0 9例烧伤 /烫伤 (占 2 0 .6 % ) ,5 36例内脏损伤 (占 18.1% ) ,2 91例开放性损伤 (占 9.8% )。男女比例为 2 .2∶ 1。各类意外伤害年龄特点 :烫伤 3岁以下占 5 1.2 % ,0～ 1岁是发病高峰年龄段 ,占 33.7% ;骨折多发生于 3岁以上 ,占 91.6 % ,而以 6～ 14岁为最多 ,占 6 9.3% ;交通事故 6～ 14岁为高峰年龄组 ,占 6 6 .7% ;意外坠落多发年龄段是 6岁以上 ,占 6 5 .1% ,年龄跨度最大。各类损伤住院总费用为39385 83.5元 ,人均 1330 .6元 ;总住院日为 5 0 778天 ,人均 17.2天。结论 各类损伤的发生在不同年龄段、不同性别、不同地区间有着明显特点。

Objective To study the causes and incidence of unintentional child injuries in a hospital as a reference for prevention. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 2 960 children inpatients with unintentional injuries. Results There were 991 cases (33.5%) of fracture, 609 cases of scald and burns (20.6%), 536 cases of internal organ injury (18.1%) and 291 cases of open wound (9.8%). The ratio between male and female was 2.2∶1. The incidence of scald was higher in children younger than 3 years old with the peak age being 0~1 years old(33.7%), fracture mostly occurred in children older than 3 years old (91.6%) with the peak age being 6~14 years (69.3%). The peak age of traffic accidents and falling were 6~14 years old, but the latter had the wide stage range. The total charge of hospitalization was 3 938 583.5 yuan and the average cost was 1 330.6 yuan. The total time of hospitalization was 50 778 days and the average time was 17.2 days. Conclusions Age, sex and area factors play an important role in various types of childhood injuries and preventive measures should be carried out.