南极中山站近岸海域生态环境监测与研究

MONITORING ON THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF THE COASTAL ZONE IN ZHONGSHAN STATION, ANTARCTICA

1998年 1 2月 1 1日至 1 999年 1月 1 3日在中山站近岸海域进行了一次较为全面的生态环境监测 ,监测内容包括∶ p H、T、盐度 (电导率 )、浊度、DO、COD、营养盐 (NO3 - N、NO2 - N、NH4 -N和 PO4 - P)和叶绿素 ,部分监测站位海水样品分层采集 ;其间还进行两次中山站区排污口生活污水连续 2 4小时监测。结果表明 ,冰缝间以及海冰底层下 1 m内的海水为各种环境理化因子的急剧变化层 ,大于冰底 1 m深的海水中的各要素变化梯度趋于平稳 ,营养盐垂直分布具有一定规律。p H和 DO为一类海水水质 ,无机氮属一、二类水质 ,无机磷属超三类水质 ,表层海水中叶绿素 a的平均值为 0 .6 71 mg/m3。中山站排放的生活污水中 COD、p H和悬浮物均符合我国的废污水排放标准 ,仅无机磷超一级排放标准。

Physical and chemical factors (such as pH, T, S, conductivity, turbidity, DO, COD and nutrients), chlorophyll in the sea water column were monitored at eight sites in the coastal zone in Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica from Dec. 11, 1998 to Jan. 13, 1999. The samples were collected at several layer of sea water at six sites among them, meanwhile, domestic sewage of Zhongshan Station was monitored hourly for two days at the mouth of a drain pipe located at the beach near Zhongshan Station. The results indicated that the physical and chemical factors changed sharp within the sea water column from about 1m under the bottom of the sea ice to the surface, and changed gently in the water column below about 1m under the bottom of the sea ice, the obvious rules were observed in the vertical distribution of the nutrients ( such as PO 4 P, NO 3 N, NO 2 N and NH 4 N) in the water column. DO and pH in the monitored sea water belong to Category I sea water quality standard of China, the concentration of inorganic nitrogen belong to Category I and Category II sea water quality standard, the concentration of PO 4 P exceeds Category III sea water quality standard. The concentration of chlorophyll a in the surface of sea water ranged from 0.090 to 2.468mg/m 3, and the average concentration was 0.671 mg/m 3. COD, pH and suspended matter in the domestic sewage of Zhongshan Station meet the waste water effluent standard of China, only the concentration of PO 4 P exceeds Category I effluent standard. The monitoring methods of ecological environment conducted in the coastal zone in Zhongshan Station were discussed in this paper.