新疆玛纳斯湖景观演化及其生态环境效应

EVOLUTION OF MANAS LAKE LANDSCAPE IN XINJIANG AND ITS ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT

借助景观地理学与景观生态学原理 ,结合前人研究成果和野外实地考察 ,利用地理信息系统与遥感技术 ,论述了玛纳斯湖群景观第四纪以来的迁移演化过程 ,分析了玛纳斯湖景观动态变化的自然和人为原因 ,评价了玛纳斯湖景观变化产生的生态环境效应 ,从水资源合理利用角度提出了保护绿洲和荒漠生态环境的建设性措施。

Based on universal principals of landscape ecology, by combined with previous research results, and using the Geological Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) methods, the evolution process of Manas Lake landscape since the Quaternary Period was discussed, and then the natural and manmade causes of its dynamic variation were analyzed. The main causes of the evolution are geotectonic event, river shifting and climate change. In the last 50 years, many plain lakes were constructed, and a large amount of river water was ducted into irrigation channels or plain lakes, which led to drying up of Manas Lake. There are 3 negative effects on the surrounding landscape and eco-environments to be derived from the drying up: destroying the surrounding vegetation; making animals to decrease; and leading to the severe salinization of the middle reaches of Manas River. But the drying up of Manas Lake feeds about 1×10 6 people and the Shihezi oasis area has always become highlight in the northern industry zone of Xinjiang. Some constructive ways how to protect the eco-environment of oases and deserts were put forward on the point of view of rationally using water resources.