海洋石油分散风险成本和效益的经济分析

Economic analysis of transforming risk cost and benefit of oceanic petroleum

海洋石油开采是高风险经济活动之一，采取多种分散风险措施，保证经济活动的持续性和稳定性是海洋石油勘探和开采中的重要问题．在海洋石油采取的各种减灾行为中，首先采取的应该是预防措施，为此要科学分析投入产出，以使减灾投入获得最佳的经济效益．减灾效益最大化的条件是减灾投入的边际成本等于边际收益．对于减灾边际成本高于边际收益的减灾措施，应采取以保险为主要内容的转移风险措施．在参加商业保险和自我保险两种可选择方式中，对海洋石油行业而言，自我保险投入产出效益更高．

The exploitation of oceanic petroleum is one of economic activities having high risk. Transforming risk to ensure the persistence and stabilization of economic activity is an important is- sue of the oceanic petroleum exploration. Among the various measures to reduce disasters in the oceanic petroleum exploration, prevention is first task. So, input and output should be analyzed in order that the input of reducing disasters obtains the greatest benefit. The condition to obtain the maximum benefit of reducing disasters is that the marginal cost of the input is equal to the margi- nal benefit. While the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit, insurance measure should be taken to transform the risk. There are two insurance measures such as the commercial insurance and self-insurance. To the oceanic petroleum industry, the benefit of self-insurance is more than that of the other one.