我国臭蛙属(两栖纲:蛙科)的系统发育

PHYLOGENY OF GENUS ODORRANA (AMPHIBIA:RANIDAE)IN CHINA

为探讨臭蛙属的种间亲缘关系与其起源和分化 ,采用PAUP3 1软件对我国的 16种臭蛙的 2 9项分类性状进行系统发育关系的研究。结果表明 ,臭蛙属物种形成 1个单系群 ,可以划分为 4个种组 ;表明了臭蛙属中国物种间的亲缘关系 ;无指盘臭蛙和云南臭蛙是本属中最原始的物种 ,鸭嘴臭蛙等是较特化的物种 ;原始臭蛙可能起源于横断山区和云南西部高原 ,贵州高原可能是臭蛙的分化中心 ;各种组内相近种的地理替代呈南北方向更替 ,而种组间则呈东西方向更替 ;原始物种多分布于中国西南部 ,较进化或特化物种多分布于中国东部和东南部及海岛上 ;其种组亲缘关系与地理分布格局显示出一致性。

We studied the inter species relationships and biogeography of the genus Odorrana. 29 morphological characters of 16 species of Odorrana were studied with PAUP3 1,their geographic distribution were analyzed by migration thesis. The cladogram shown that the Odorrana species were of monophyleticly origin and could be divided into four groups. ① andersonii group:Odorrana margaretae,O. andersonii,O. grahami,O. hainangensis :② kuangwuensis group: O. kuangwuensis,O. wuchuanensis . ③ schmackeri group: O. hejiangensis,O. tiannanensis,O. anlungensis,O. schmackeri,O. lungshengensis,O. swinhoana . ④ livida group: O. livida,O. exiliversabilis,O. versabilis,O. nasuta . The inter\|species relationships show that andersonii group had the most amount plesiomorphy,so they were suggested as the most primitive species in the genus Odorrana . Because the most primitive species are distributed in Mt. Hengduan and Plateau of western Yunnan, thus Mt. Hengduan and Plateau of western Yunnan are probably the original regions of Odorrana . Eight species,accounting for 50% of the total number of Odorrana species in China,were discovered in Guizhou Plateau,and all four species groups had representative species in the area. Therefore,this area was the transition zone of odor frogs migrated from western China to southeastern China. Accordingly,the Guizhou Plateau is probably the center of diversification of Odorrana . The livida group with more apomorphic characters is distributed in eastern, southern parts and islands of China,the group is evolutionary species group in the genus. Along the distributed regions,the substitution of species within a species group was found from south to north (see Fig 2),the substitution among species groups was found from west to east, andersonii group kuangwuensis group schmackeri group livida group. The primitive species distribute in southwestern part of China,and the evolutionary species in eastern,southeastern parts and islands of China. The livida group is more closely related to schmackeri group than to kuangwuensis group,and is more distantly to andersonii group. These relationships among species groups are coincided very well with their distributional pattern.