中国陆相上三叠统第一个初龙形类动物(英文)

THE ANATOMY OF THE FIRST ARCHOSAURIFORM (DIAPSIDA) FROM THE TERRESTRIAL UPPER TRIASSIC OF CHINA

初步研究了山西省永和县桑壁镇铜川组二段产出的两件初龙形类化石标本 (IVPPV1 2 3 78,V 1 2 3 79) ,在此基础上建立了一新属新种———桑壁永和鳄 (Yonghesuchussangbiensisgen .etsp .nov .)。它以下列共存的衍生特征区别于其他初龙形类 (archosauriforms) :1 )吻部前端尖削 ;2 )眶前窝前部具一凹陷 ;3 )眶前窝与外鼻孔间宽 ;4)眶后骨下降突的后 2 / 3宽且深凹 ;5 )基蝶骨腹面有两个凹陷 ;6 )齿骨后背突相当长 ;7)关节骨的反关节区有明显的背脊 ,有穿孔的翼状的内侧突 ,以及指向前内侧向和背向的十分显著的后内侧突。由于缺乏跗骨的形态信息 ,目前很难通过支序分析建立永和鳄的系统发育关系。但可以通过头骨形态来推测永和鳄在初龙形类中的系统位置。永和鳄有翼骨齿 ,这表明它不属于狭义的初龙类 (archosaurians)。其通过内颈动脉脑支的孔位于基蝶骨的前侧面而不是腹面 ,在这点上永和鳄比原鳄龙科 (Proterochampsidae)更进步 ,这表明与后者相比永和鳄和狭义的初龙类的关系可能更近。在中国早期的初龙形类中 ,达坂吐鲁番鳄 (Turfanosuchusdabanensis)与桑壁永和鳄最接近 ,但前者由于内颈动脉脑支的孔腹位而比后者更为原始。根据以上头骨特征以及枢后椎椎体之间间椎体的存在与否 ,推测派克鳄

Yonghesuchus sangbiensis,a new genus and species of the Archosauriformes, is erected on the basis of its peculiar cranial features. This tason represents the first record of tetrapods from the phylogeny of the Archosauriformes but also to our understanding of the evolution of the Triassicterrestrial vertebrate faunae in China. The presence of pterygoid teeth may exclude the new form from the Archosauria, and the apomorphic position of the foramen for the internal carotid artery indicates that the new form appears to be phylogenetically closer to the Archosauria than are Turfanosuchus and the Proterochampsidae. Comparisons with these taxa suggest that the Y.sangbiensis-bearing Tongchuan Formation is probably of early Late Triassic age.