神经信息学的原理与展望

PRINCIPLE AND PERSPECTIVE OF NEUROINFORMATICS

神经信息学是研究神经系统信息的载体形式 ,神经信息的产生、传输、加工、编码、存储与提取机理 ,以及建立神经数据库系统的科学。它是脑科学 ,信息科学和计算机科学相互交叉的边缘学科。神经信息学可分为分子神经信息学和系统神经信息学两个层次。神经信息编码可分为神经元脉冲序列的数字编码和突触联结权重编码两种编码方式。对21世纪神经信息学可能取得的新进展进行分析和预测 ,并论证开展人类神经组计划 (HuNP)和建立神经数据库系统的必要性与可行性。对人类神经组计划与人类脑计划的异同点 。

Neuroinformatics is a frontier and multi-discipline which combines the brain science, the information science and computer science together to investigate the form of neural information carrier, the mechanisms of generation, transmission, processing, coding, storage and retrieving of the neural information, and to construct the data bank system of neuroscience. Neuroinformatics can be subdivided into two parts: the molecular neuroinformatics and the systematic neuroinformatics. A dual coding theory of neuroinformatics was suggested that the neuroinformation coding includes two forms: the digital coding of neuronic impulse sequence and the weighting coding of the synaptic connection. A perspective was made on the tendency and new advancements of neuroinformatics in the 21 century and the Human Neurome Project (HuNP) was also suggested. Human Neurome Project is aimed to measure the position, size, neuron number and density, neuronic branches, connections and synapses, neurotransmitters and receptors, ion channels, function, etc, of the complex structures in the human brain. The necessity and feasibility of the Human Neurome Project and the construction of neural data bank were discussed. Relationship between Human Neurome Project and the Human Brain Project was also analyzed and discussed.