论企业的起源——兼评两种不同的企业起源观

On the Origin of Enterprise

关于企业的起源 ,不外有两种最基本的观点 ,一种是建立在分工理论基础上的马克思主义企业起源理论 ,另一种是以交易费用理论为基础的西方企业理论。马克思主义的企业起源理论主要是从人类生产发展历史的角度出发 ,揭示了企业起源的客观经济技术条件 ,遵循的是一种历史和逻辑统一的方法。西方经济学则主要是从企业现实生活出发 ,运用逻辑推理和实证分析相结合的方法 ,解释了企业形成的主观动因。

There are two basic viewpoints of the enterprise origin: one is Marxist theory based on labour division theory, and the other is the western theory based on transaction expense theory. From the perspective of human production development history the Marxist enterprise origin theory follows the method of unity of history and logic and brings to light the objective economic and technical conditions, while the wester enterprise origin theory, proceeding from the actual life of enterprise, follows the method of combination of logic inference and positive analysis and explains the subjective agent of the origin.