蛋白质定向进化的研究进展

Advances in Study on Directed Evolution of Proteins

定向进化是改造蛋白质分子的一种有效的新策略。主要是在实验室里模拟自然进化过程 ,通过由易错PCR、致突变菌株诱变等方法对编码蛋白质的基因进行随机诱变 ,由DNA改组、随机引导重组和交错延伸等方法进行突变基因体外重组 ,设计高通量筛选方法来选出需要的突变株。它不仅可快速产生工业上有用的新酶 ,而且对研究蛋白质的结构与功能的关系具有非常重要的意义。

Directed evolution is a new powerful strategy for engineering proteins. It mainly mimics the process of natural evolution in the laboratory to generate random mutations in the genes coding for useful proteins by the techniques of error-prone PCR and mutator strain, then in vitro recombines positive mutations through such methods as high-fidelity DNA shuffling, random-priming recombination and staggered extension process. Finally, the desired mutants are selected out with high-throughput screening. It not only can provide rapidly new enzymes for industrial application, but also has much theoretical importance for studying the relationship between protein structure and function.