防止转基因作物释放引发“超级杂草”产生的若干对策

Some Strategies for Preventing the Rise of “Superweeds” from the Release of Transgenic Crops

转基因作物释放可能导致潜在的生态风险性 ,其中的一个重要方面是通过花粉的传播将某些转基因 (主要是抗除草剂基因 )漂入野生近缘种或近缘杂草而引发难以控制的“超级杂草”的产生。本文讨论了防止“超级杂草”产生的若干对策 ,包括物理隔离、转基因遗传调控、雄性不育性与无融合生殖机制的利用、将转基因定位于同当地杂草不亲和的基因组和叶绿体或线粒体基因组等。

The release of transgenic crops may give rise to potential ecological risks,one of which is that some transgenes (mainly herbicide|resistant genes) would spread into related weeds or wild species by pollination,turning them into uncontrollable “superweeds”.This paper describes some strategies for preventing the rise of “superweeds”,including physical isolation,transgenetic mitigation,use of male sterility and apomixis,and introduction of transgenes into genomes incompatible with local weeds and into the chloroplast or mitochondrial genomes by using cytogenetic mapping technology.