重症患者CABG手术及其围术期处理

THE EXPERIENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG) OPERATION AND PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT FOR CRITICAL PATIENTS

报道重症患者冠状动脉旁路移植 (CABG)手术及其围术期处理的经验。 45例重症患者施行CABG手术 ,男 32例 ,女 13例 ,年龄 41～ 78岁。其中冠心病合并病变包括左室功能重度减退 (EF <30 % ) 7例 ,心脏瓣膜病 13例 ,心肌梗死后巨大左室室壁瘤 6例 ,75岁以上伴有高血压、糖尿病和肾或肺功能重度不全者 8例。瓣膜置换或升主动脉瘤术中左冠脉开口血供受影响而行急症CABG术 6例。全组择期CABG手术 40例 ,急诊手术 5例。冠状动脉旁路 1～ 4支 ,人均 2 .9支。 45例中单纯CABG术 2 0例 ,余 2 5例同期处理合并病变。术后早期并发症包括 :低心排综合征 6例 ,肾衰 3例 ,呼吸衰竭 2例 ,多器官功能衰竭 1例。 6例低心排综合征者应用I ABP后 5例痊愈 ,3例肾衰行腹透或血透治疗后均康复。全组早期死亡 2例 ( 4 4% ) ,分别死于低心排综合征和多器官功能衰竭 ,43例康复出院。晚期死亡 1例。术前控制好冠心病患者的血压、心率和糖尿病 ;术中使缺血心肌完全再血管化 ,加强有效的心肌保护 ;术后及时处理低心排与肾衰等 ,能显著地提高重症患者CABG手术的疗效。

The experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG ) surgery and perioperative management for critical patients are reported. Forty-five critical CAD patients aged from 41 to 78 years old with 32 male and 13 female underwent CABG.The critical conditions included coronary artery disease complicated with left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF less than 30%) in 7 patients, heart valve disease in 13, postinfarction giant LV aneurysm in 6, aged 75 years or older patients with hypertension, diabetes, and renal or severe lung dysfunction in 8, and emergent CABG because of insufficient blood supply from left coronary artery during cardiac valve replacement or ascending aortic aneurysm operation in 5. Among all the patients, pure CABG was performed in 20, and CABG with other simultaneous procedures in 25. Each of 45 patients received l to 4 bypass grafts with a mean of 2 9. During the early stage of postoperation,there were low cardiac output syndrome in 6 patients, renal failure in 3, pulmonary failure in 2, and MOSF in 1.With the application of IABP, 5 from 6 LCDS patients recovered.Three patients were complicated with renal failure, and they also recovered with the use of peritoneal or blood dialysis postoperatively. During the early stage of postoperation,two patients (4 4%) died of LCOS and MOSF, respectively. One died of arrhythmia 15 months later after operation .The experiences suggest that control of hypertension,heart rate and diabetes before operation, perfect revascularization of ischemic myocardium and effective myocardial protection during operation,prevention of LCOS and renal failure after operation could improve the results of CAD patients undergoing CABG.