中国大豆疫霉根腐病和大豆种质抗病性研究

OCCURENCE OF SOYBEAN PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT AND EVALUATION OF GERMPLASM RESISTANCE IN CHINA

大豆疫霉根腐病在中国的发生区域逐渐扩大 ,局部地区发生严重。大豆疫霉菌 1号生理小种是黑龙江省的优势小种 ,同时也存在其它已知生理小种和新生理小种。不同大豆生态区之间大豆疫霉菌生理小种差异显著。在总体上 ,中国大豆种质的抗病性不强 ,长江流域大豆中抗病种质比率最高 ,其次为黄淮海流域种质 ,而东北地区抗病种质较少。按省归类 ,大豆种质抗性由强至弱依次为河南、江苏、湖北、山西、河北、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山东。吉林和黑龙江选育推广品种中 ,感病品种分别高达80 %和 73% ;在 4 62份大豆品系中 ,也表现出南方材料抗病性高于北方材料的趋势 ;地方品种中感病类型也高达 60 %以上。

Soybean Phytophthora root rot ( Phytophthora sojae Kauf. et Gerde) has occurred in some provinces in China and causes severe losses in Heilongjiang Province. Race 1 is the dominant race, mean while race 13, race 15 and some new races have been identified in Heilongjiang Province. There is considerable diversity in the composition of races in different soybean plan ting regions. Among 841 soybean germplasms collected from 9 provinces, the germplasm from Yangtze River Basin are highly resistant to P. sojae , while soybean germplasm from Yellow River, Huai River and Hai River Basins are higher and the Northeast ones are low. The order of resistant level from high to low in germplasm from different provinces are Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Shandong. In soybean varieties 80 percent collected in Jilin and 73 percent in Heilongjiang are susceptible. Among 462 lines from 9 provinces the southern ones are with higher resistant than the northern ones. More than 60 percent local varieties are susceptible.