动物蛋白质降解研究进展

Recent Advances of Protein Breakdown in Animal

蛋白质降解在动物机体的功能中发挥着必不可少的作用 ,但仅仅在最近十年 ,蛋白质水解系统才得到阐明 ,蛋白质降解的重要性才得以普遍认识。本文综述了蛋白质降解的生理意义 ,研究方法 ,动物细胞蛋白质降解的途径 :溶酶体途径、线粒体蛋白酶分解系统、泛素 -蛋白酶体途径和胞液蛋白酶水解途径以及动物肌肉蛋白质降解的调节因子 ,包括营养因子 ,如日粮蛋白水平、蛋能比、氨基酸、肽和饲喂水平等 ;非营养因子 ,如糖皮质激素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素、细胞分裂素和其它因子等。

Protein degradation plays many essential roles in the function of organization of animals,but only in the past decade have the proteolytic systems been elucidated and the importance of protein degradation been generally recognized.The recent advances of protein breakdown in animal were reviewed in the following parts:physiological importance of protein breakdown,methods for the study of protein breakdown,Cellular degradative pathways which contain .Lysosomal system,Ubiquitin proteasome pathway,mitochondrial protease pathway and miscellaneous cytosolic protease pathway and regulative factors of muscle protein breakdown which contain nutrional factors and endocrine signals,the former included protein level,protein energy ratio,amino acid,peptide,and feeding level of diet,the latter included glucocorticoids,insulin,thyroid hormone,cytokin and other factors.