水体的温度效应

THE EFFECTS OF WATER BODY ON TEMPERATURE

本文用数值模拟的方法研究了陆地水体的温度效应。在模式中考虑了水陆间反射率差异、水体对太阳辐射的透射作用、水体的湍流混合、地面和水面的能量平衡以及土壤热传导方程等物理过程。模拟结果与观测资料和前人的研究结果一致。水体白天有降温效应,夜间有升温效应,这种效应晴天大于阴天;夏季白天的降温效应大于夜间的升温效应,冬季的情况则相反。大气通过湍流混合和风的平流输送使水体的特性影响到陆地上,在水体的下风岸可伸入10公里左右,在上风岸仅有2公里,受水体影响的高度为200—400米,岸上的温度随着离岸距离的增加按指数律变化来接近内陆上的温度值。这种方法可用来进行水库的环境评价和湖泊气候资源的研究。

In this paper, the temperature effects of inland water body are studied by means of numerical modeling. In present model, we considered systemmatically many effective factors, such as the differences between water surface and land surface in albedo , temperatue , transmission of solar radiation in water, the turbulent mixing of water, surface energy balance equations both on water surf ace and land surface, the thermal conduction equstion in soil and the difference of thermal capacity between water and soil.The upstream cubic spline interpolation techniqle is adopted in the advective terms, the combined scheme with time weight is adopted in diffusion terms.after testing the model, we find that the model is of excellent stability of integration, and can simulate precisely the spatial distribution of the temperature in the vicinity of water body by using this model