桃种质亲缘演化关系的RAPD分析

RAPD Analysis of Germplasm Resources on Peach

利用 ＲＡＰＤ技术对 ４８个桃品种类型的遗传变异进行了研究，筛选出的 ２０个引物共扩增出 １６５条带，其中多态性带８３条，占５０．３％。经聚类分析，４８个供试材料共分为五类。其中甘肃桃，山桃，部分古老的以北方蜜桃、硬肉桃为代表的北方品种，以美国油桃为代表的油桃品种，以及以南方水蜜桃为代表的品种各自聚为一类。据此对桃种质的演化及分类地位进行了尝试性的探讨。传统的古老品种具明显的地域特色，而现代品种间遗传背景相近，地域差异不显著。美国油桃单独聚为一类，可能存在一条古老的进化途径。新疆桃与北方古老品种亲缘关系相近，可能共同起源于硬肉桃。

The genetic relationships of 48 peach cultivars were analysed by using RAPD. 20 primers screened from 500 arbit- ry 10- primers, amplified 165 DNA bands, 83 of which were polymorphic (50.3%). A tree diagram was constructed by using ward's method .All the material were taxonomied into 5 typies at 130.0 distance:Prunus kansuensis Hehd.; Prunus davidiana Carr.; northern peach; southern peach; American peach. The studying of classification of peach germplasm were tried. An- cient species and categories have obvious regional characteristic, and mordern species heredity background is similar and the regional characteristic is not so abvious. American peach, as a whole, may exist one ancient evoluation way. Xinjiang peach is similar with the northem peach, hoth of them may originate from hard pulp peach. Prunus kansuensis Hehd. and Prunus davidiana Carr. are most ancient among all the material. The northem peach, the southem peach and American peach are similar in evoluation status,which may rightly originate from Prunus kansuensis Hehd. and Prunus davidiana Carr..