植物基因工程中存在的问题及对策

The Existing Problems and Countermeasures for Plant Gene Project

从外源基因进入植物细胞到功能的表达 ,存在许多不确定性 ,如外源基因拷贝数、结构的完整性、插入位点的选择以及整合方式。而且外源基因进入受体细胞后 ,与受体细胞的基因组间相互作用、相互影响从而使转基因植物会产生不同程度的转基因沉默现象。此外 ,转基因植物潜在性问题也引起全社会的普遍关注。对于转基因植物中存在的这些问题 ,近几年有了一些相应的对策 ,如对外源基因的密码子优化、使用从植物中克隆的具有组织与发育特异性调控作用的增强子、使外源基因带上合适的 5′端先导序列和 3′端URT区、去除标记基因、共转化系统的重新应用、多自 -动转化系统的应用、筛选单拷贝转基因个体、采用Agrolistic转化法 ,同时对转基因与常规育种。

There exist some uncertain problems, for example: the external genes copious, insert site selection, structural character and conformity manner, after extern genes transferred into plant cells, the extern genes and cell genes act and affect each other so as to cause transgene silence to some extent. Besides these phenomenon, with human′s consciousness of protection of environment increasing, problems existed in the trans-gene plant are arouse all society attention. For above problems, researcher have some efficient means to deal with them, for example, optimizing outer-gene code, employing enhance prompter from plant clone which has special organize and develop control functionary, striping appropriate 5′precursor sequence and 3′URT section, wiping off tag gene, afreshing co-translation system, applying excessive automatic translation system, filtering single copy transgene plant, introducing Agrolistic translation means, at the same time, investigating the relationship between transgene plant and general breeding, protection agro-inherit resources diversity and zoology balance.