阔叶红松林中星鸦和松鼠对红松种子的取食和传播

Foraging and Dispersing of Korean Pine Seed by Animals in Broad-leaved Korean Pine Forest

1994～ 1998年秋 ,在小兴安岭凉水自然保护区 ,研究了动物对红松种子的取食和传播。原始阔叶红松林中 10种以上的鸟兽组成红松种子取食种团 ,其中星鸦和松鼠分散贮藏种子而有传播作用。星鸦搬运种子的距离最远可达 4km ,每贮点种子数约 2 .7粒 ,贮点深度约 2 .2cm ,在多种生境中贮藏种子 ,冬季和早春易见到对贮点的重取。松鼠的搬运距离一般不超过 5 0 0m ,每贮点种子数约 2 .9粒 ,贮点深度 2 .1cm ,多在母树林中贮藏种子 ,少见到重取。红松幼苗可见于多种生境 ,但只在落叶松林、天然更新杨桦林和母树林中有较明显的幼树种群。分析认为 ,星鸦的取食和传播效率要高于松鼠 。

Field works was carried out in Liangshui Nature Reserve, Xiaoxing'anling Mt. Northeastern China in autumn from 1994 to 1998. In broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest, over 10 species of birds and mammals consist of the seed-foraging guild. Among them, Eurasian nutcracker and red squirrels hoard seeds scatterly and disperse the seeds. Nutcrackers can carry seeds far to 4 km at most,cache size is 2.7, depth is 2.2 cm, caches occur in several habitats, reforaging behavior can be found easily in winter and early spring. Squirrels generally carry seeds no far than 500 m, cache size is 2.9, cache depth is 2.1 cm, caches mostly occur in mixed forest, not often be found to reforage seeds. Seedlings can be found in several habitats, while saplings only distribute in Larix plantation forest, Betula-Populus natural regeneration forest, and old-growth pine-hardwood forest. Compared with squirrels, the cone and seed handling tactics of nutcrackers are more effective, transporting distance are much longer, caching habitats are more abroad, and much more seeds are cached.