北京地区舞毒蛾寄生性天敌昆虫及其转主寄主的研究

Parasitioids and alternate hosts of Gypsy moth in Beijing area.

我国舞毒蛾天敌昆虫已有较系统的报道 ,但对其天敌昆虫的转主寄主研究和报道较少 .该文针对北京地区舞毒蛾的 17种寄生性天敌 ,在查阅文献、野外调查和室内饲养的基础上 ,对这些寄生性天敌昆虫的生物学和它们在北京地区危害林木的转主寄主作一报道 .卵期主要寄生性天敌大蛾卵跳小蜂 ,室内饲养可繁殖 4～ 5代 ,羽化的成蜂可继续在舞毒蛾卵块中寄生 .舞毒蛾平腹小蜂转主寄主有油松毛虫、斑衣蜡蝉、绿尾大蚕蛾 .幼虫期主要寄生性天敌毒蛾绒茧蜂一年发生 4代 ,转主寄主有黄褐天幕毛虫、油松毛虫、杨毒蛾 .黑腿绒茧蜂转主寄主为柳毒蛾 .黑足凹眼姬蜂转主寄主为油松毛虫、古毒蛾、角斑古毒蛾 .幼虫及蛹期主要寄生性天敌为毛虫追寄蝇和日本追寄蝇 ,其中 ,毛虫追寄蝇转主寄主有杨扇舟蛾 (寄生率高达 36 %～ 5 0 % )、柳毒蛾、黄褐天幕毛虫、腰带燕尾舟蛾 ;日本追寄蝇一年可发生 3～ 4代 ,转主寄主有柳毒蛾、杨扇舟蛾、油松毛虫、腰带燕尾舟蛾 .蛹期主要寄生性天敌舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂的转主寄主有 :油松毛虫、黄褐天幕毛虫、杨扇舟蛾、臭椿皮蛾、樗蚕、丝棉木金星尺蛾、侧柏毒蛾等 .脊腿囊爪姬蜂转主寄主有 :油松毛虫、杨毒蛾、黄褐天幕毛虫 .广大腿小蜂由于其寄主广泛 ,也可成为螟蛉绒茧蜂、松毛虫黑胸姬蜂、螟蛉悬?

There are many systematic reports on natural enemy of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), but studies on its alternate hosts of natural enemy insects are rare. This paper deals with the research on 17 species of parasitic natural enemy of Gypsy moth in Beijing area, based on the reference, field investigation and in-door rearing. It also shows the biology characters of parasitic natural enemy insects and the alternate hosts which harm forest trees in Beijing area. The main parasitioid of egg period is Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Haoward), which can reproduce 4 - 5 generations through in-door rearing, and its adult after eclosion can parasite in the Gypsy moth's egg pieces continuely. The alternate hosts of Anastatus disparis (Ruschka) include Dendrolimus punctatus tabulaeformis (Tsai et Liu), Lycorma delicatula White and Aetias seleneningpoana Felder. The main parasitioid of larva period-Glyptapanteles lipanidis (Bouche) occurs 4 generations one year, its alternate hosts are Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky, Dendrolimus punctatus tabulaeformis (Tsai et Liu) and Stilpnotia candida studinger. The alternate host of Cotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) is Stilpnotia salicis L. The alternate hosts of Casinaria nigripes (Gravenhorst) are Dendrolimus punctatus tabulaeformis ( Tsai et Liu), Orgyia antique ( L. ) and Orgyia gonostigma (L.). The main parasitioids of larva and pupa period are Exorista rossica Mesnil and Exorista japonica Townsend. The alternate hosts of the former include Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius) (the highest parasite rate is 36 % [similar to] 50% ), Stilpnotia salicis L., Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky, Harpyia lanigera (Butler). The latter occurs 3 [similar to] 4 generations one year and its alternate hosts are Stilpnotia salicis L. , Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius), Dendrolimus punctatus tabulaeformis (Tsai et Liu) and Harpyia lanigera (Butler). The main parasitioid of pupa period is Coccygomimus disparis (Viereck) whose alternate hosts are Dendrolimus punctatus tabulaeformis ( Tsai et Liu), Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky, Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius), Eligma narcissus (Gramer), Philosamia cynthia walkeri Felder, Abraxas suspecta Warren, Parocneria furva (Leech) etc. The alternate hosts of Theronia atalantae gestaror (Thunberg) are Dendrolimus punctatus tabulaeformis ( Tsai et Liu), Stilpnotia candida Staudinger and Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky. Because of its extensive hosts, Brachymeria lasus (Walker) can also become the epiparasitic insect of Apanteles ruficus ( Haliday ) , Hyposoter takagii (Matsumura) and Charops bicolor (Szepligeti).