西部干旱区退化生态系统模式研究

Study on models of degraded ecosystems in arid zone of West China.

人们对环境资源的过度使用和破坏使生态系统的退化已成为普遍现象,退化生态系统是系统内生物要素与非生物要素不相匹配,在物质循环、能量转换及信息传递过程中出现了一系列不相协调的状况。水是西部干旱区生态系统中最为重要的生态要素之一,水资源的消长变化直接制约着水域生态系统及相关生态系统的发育过程和演变趋势。湿地生态系统和荒漠或自然绿洲生态系统的退化一般表现为生物多样性降低、层次结构简单化、物质循环减弱、能量流动发生障碍,且通过系统生产力下降、稳定性变差等得以明显反映,在生态系统退化特征及稳态研究的基础上可采取合理的恢复与重建措施。

As a result of resource and environment over-used or destroyed by human beings, degradation of ecosystems has become a general phenomenon. Because of unmatched organism and non-organism elements,a series of incoordinations occurred during the process of substance recycle,energy transf ormation and information delivery in degraded ecosystems. Water is one of the most important elements in ecosystem in arid zone of West China. The dvelopment process and evolution trend of water ecosystems and its related ecosystems are restricted directly by the growth and decline of water resource. Either wetland ecosystem or desert and natural oasis ecosystems have some general characteristics while they degraded, such as, biodiversity loss,structure simplification,substance re-cycles derogation,energy flow abnormality, etc. Moreover,the features are obviously showed by decline of system productivity and lowering of system stability. Based on the research of characteristics and stability of different ecosystems,the rational restoration and rehabilitation countermeasures can be taken.