干旱沙漠区小麦田水肥管理效率模拟

The simulation on effects of management of water and fertilizer in wheat field in arid desert area.

干旱沙漠区小麦田水肥管理效率模拟试验研究结果表明,在干旱沙漠区30cm厚的黄河灌淤沙地中进一步降低灌溉标准至田间持水量的40％以下是可能的,更低的灌溉标准将有利于提高小麦的水分利用效率,并降低渗漏损失率。在目前施有效氮、磷、钾总量<800kg/hm^2的水平下,施肥差异不会导致水分渗漏、蒸发和小麦对水分利用比例的差异,但小麦籽粒产量随施肥量的增加而增加。0.12kg/m^3的高肥水指数(有效氮、磷、钾施用总量/灌水总量)可获得近5500kg/hm^2小麦籽粒产量和约0.74kg/m^3的水分生产率。

In the typical arid desert area and the sandy loamy soil,irrigating standard could be lowered even if the soil moisture was always kept on less than 40% of field water capacity. If so, the seed yield of wheat would not re-markably decrease. When the amount of water that infiltrated into deep soil layer could not be used by wheat,then yield of wheat would be significantly reduced. The amount of water infiltrated,evaporated and used by wheat have not obviously differed in each fertilizing treatment while the total efficient amount of N,P and K was less than 800 kg/hm2,but the seed yield increased as the increase of fertilizing amount. When the ratio of efficient fertilizer and irrigating water was 0.12kg/m3,seed yield was near 5500kg/hm2 and productive efficiency of water was 0.74 kg/m3. It is necessary to reduce irrigating standard and increase the fertilizer in order to enhance the seed yield and productive efficiency of water.