分类经营 定向培育 提高竹林经营效益

Improving Benefits of Bamboo Stands by Classified Management and Oriental Cultivation

竹林产品—竹材、竹笋等用途广泛 ,经济价值好 ;竹林枝叶繁茂 ,四季常青 ,地下茎发达 ,水土保持功能佳 ,固土能力为马尾松林的 1.5倍 ,吸收降水能力为杉木林的 1.3倍 ,涵养水量比杉木林多 30～ 4 5 % ;竹林青翠 ,形态多姿 ,观赏休闲价值高。竹林是经济效益、生态功能、观赏价值俱高的林种。我国竹林主要分布在江河湖库的源头和两岸的山区和丘陵。 2 1世纪我国社会经济发展和生态安全建设需要竹林充分发挥它的多功能效益 ,实施竹林分类经营是必然的选择。本文就竹林分类经营的必要性、可行性、经营类型划分等作了描述。文章指出竹林目标经营效益是竹林生长状况、立地环境条件和人为经营活动三要素综合作用的结果 ,定向培育是实现各类竹林获取最大化经营目标效益的重要保障。文章就不同竹种。

Bamboo produces, such as bamboo culms, bamboo shoots etc.,are of most versatile and high economic value.Because of their evergreen characteristic, thick canopy, close and strong underground rhizome root systems,the bamboo stands have high soil and water conservation.The bamboo stands' capacity of soil and sand fixation is 1.5 times as massons pine's and the ability to absorb water is 1.3 times as Chinese fir's, and the water storage capacity is 30～45 percent higher than Chinese fir. As an ornament, the green bamboos with various graceful shapes are greatly valued for erjoyment and entertainment.So it really has fine ecological functions and economic benefits, and high enjoying value. Bamboo forestry in China is mainly distributed along the rivers and headstreams of the rivers, lakes and reservoirs.Implementing classified management of bamboo stands and fully using their social, economic and ecological functions are inevitable choice to meet the demands of socio economic development and ecological security constrcution classified in China in the 21st century. The paper describes necessity, feasibility of classifi management of bamboo stands, along with identifying management modes. The author points out that all the targeting benefits are integrated with three factors, i.e. stand growing condition, quality of site and human's cultivating activities. Oriental cultivation technology significantly ensures to obtain maximum targeting benefits from all kinds of bamboo stands. The author also introduces all oriental cultivation technologies, including formulation of principle and key measures etc., for all kinds of managing modes, based on different bamboo species, different stand compositions and different quality of sites.